Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate systemĬlimate change is any change in the climate at a regional scale or in the whole earth. The relevant quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind. The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization. CĬlimate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the average weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. (or ‘bias-adjustment’) - methods to ‘calibrate’ model simulations to ensure their statistical properties are similar to those of the corresponding observed values. While accuracy is always positive the bias could be either positive of negative depending on the situation. The average difference between the values of the forecasts and the observations on the long term. Anomalies describe how much a specific variable differs from its normal state. These represent the departures of specific measurements and/or forecasts from their long-term climatological values.
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